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Magnesium sulphate Intravenous for Adults

Who can administer

May be administered by registered competent doctor or nurse/midwife (see below re restrictions for pain management)

Important information

  • Dilute the 50% ampoules before use - see below re maximum concentrations advised for Central vs Peripheral use
  • Up to 50% of an IV dose may be eliminated in the urine, therefore, slower administration may improve retention (ref 1)
  • In patients not in cardiac arrest, hypotension and asystole may occur with rapid administration (ref 1)
  • Take care when calculating doses, rates and volumes (ref 2)
  • For Y-site compatibility see below

Available preparations

Magnesium sulphate 50% 1g 2ml 4mmol Mg in 2ml  
Magnesium sulphate 50% 5g 10ml 20mmol Mg in 10ml
Magnesium sulphate infusion bag 8% 4g 50ml 16mmol Mg in 50ml Stocked in Maternity for use as per Q pulse guidelines (loading doses) Also available for use in Haematology/Oncology wards
Magnesium sulphate infusion bag 4% 20g 500ml 80mmol Mg in 500ml

Reconstitution

Already in solution

Glass ampoules: Draw up using a 5 micron filter needle

Infusion fluids

Sodium Chloride 0.9% or Glucose 5% (ref 2)

Methods of intravenous administration

Intermittent intravenous infusion (administer using an electronically controlled infusion device)

  • The 50% solution MUST be further diluted before use - invert the bag at least 5 times when adding magnesium to ensure that the drug is evenly distributed (ref 2)
  • Add required dose to a suitable volume of infusion fluid (see below re dilutions for central/peripheral line)
  • If a 50ml volume is used, the residual volume in the infusion line must be flushed through at the same rate to avoid significant underdosing
  • Various regimens are used - depending on indication see under 'dose' for examples

Intravenous injection

  • For use in resus situations and Pre-eclampsia (CLN LW 032

Rate of administration

  • Usual maximum rate of administration: 1g per hour (ref 1)
  • Higher rates of administration (up to 9g (36mmol) per hour) have been used in critical care or emergencies. ECG and close monitoring of adverse reactions is required (ref 2) 

Peripheral line (ref 2)

  • Usual maximum concentration 5% i.e. 5g (20mmol) in at least 100ml  
  • Suggested practice:  add 1 to 2g to 100ml, or 5g to 250ml infusion fluid
  • Usual maximum rate: 1g per hour (ref 1)
  • Slower administration may improve retention as up to 50% of a dose administered IV may be eliminated in the urine (ref 1)
  • Fluid restriction:  see table below

Central line

  • In most situations, use either 5% (e.g. 5g in 100ml) or 10% (e.g. 10g in 100ml) solution
  • Usual maximum rate: 1g per hour (ref 1)
  • Slower administration may improve retention as up to 50% of a dose administered IV may be eliminated in the urine (ref 1)
  • Fluid restriction:  see table below
Fluid restriction (ref 2,4)
Peripheral line

    Concentrations above 5% have a high osmolarity.  Therefore, before PERIPHERAL administration of concentrations above 5% assess the following

    • clinical need (e.g. emergency or fluid restriction)
    • venous access
    • the ability to deliver the monitoring (phlebitis) required

    If fluid restricted, can use a concentration of 10% (5g (20mmol) in 50ml)

    While a central line is preferred for this concentration, a large peripheral line may be used if central line access is unavailable

    Monitor for phlebitis

    Resite cannula at first signs of inflammation (ref 2)

    Central line   If required, the maximum concentration is 20%- each 1ml of 50% injection solution with 1.5ml diluent (e.g. 4g (16mmol) diluted to 20ml)

       

        Dose in adults

        Hypomagnesaemia 

        ASYMPTOMATIC patients

        • Dose is guided by daily magnesium levels
        • Dose given depends on the amount required to replace the deficit (allowing for urinary losses) (ref 3)
        • For typical initial doses see next columns
        Initial doses based on levels (ref 1)
        Magnesium level  
        0.6 to 0.7mmol/L

        Give 1 to 2g (4 to 8mmol)

        Administer 1g over one hour, 2g over 2 hours

        0.4 to 0.6mmol/L

        Give 2 to 4g (8 to 16mmol)

        Administer over 4 to 12 hours

        less than 0.4mmol/L

        Give 4 to 8g (16 to 32mmol)

        Administer over 12 to 24 hours and repeat as needed

        Can give over 4 hours if essential (ref 1) - but note that slower administration may improve retention - see below regarding inefficiency of intravenous magnesium administration

        Subsequent doses: guided by levels and the patient's clinical condition. Repeated doses may be needed - up to 40g (160mmol) may be needed over up to a five day period (allowing for urinary losses) (ref 3,5)

        Hypomagnesaemia 

        Haemodynamically STABLE, SYMPTOMATIC patients (severe symptoms - tetany,arrhythmias or seizures)

        Continuous cardiac monitoring STRONGLY recommended
        If Mg level <0.4mmol/L:

        Initially, give 1 to 2g as a bolus over 30 to 60 minutes (give as small volume infusion to avoid inadvertently giving too rapidly) 

        Follow with an additional 4 to 8g over 12 to 24 hours

        Repeat dose as necessary

        Mg level 0.4mmol/L or more

        Give 4 to 8g over 12 to 24 hours

        Repeat dose as necessary

        Hypomagnesaemia -

        Haemodynamically UNSTABLE, SYMPTOMATIC patients (severe symptoms - tetany,arrhythmias or seizures) 

        Continuous cardiac monitoring STRONGLY recommended

        Initially, give 1 to 2g as a bolus over 2 to 15 minutes (may be best to give as small volume infusion to avoid inadvertently giving too rapidly)

        May repeat as necessary if patient remains unstable

        Once patient is stable, administer an additional 4 to 8g over 12 to 24 hours. 

        Repeat dose as necessary

        Severe acute asthma or continuing respiratory deterioration in anaphylaxis (ref 3,8)

        Give 1.2 to 2g over 20 minutes (should only be used following consultation with senior medical staff)

        Emergency treatment of severe arrhythmias (ref 3)

        Give 2g over 10 to 15 minutes

        Dose may be repeated once if necessary

        Eclampsia, Fetal neuroprotection See Q pulse document: CLN LW 032, CLN LW 0055
        For use in pain management (Prescribed by Anaesthetics or Pain team only) (ref 6,7)

        Bolus dose (ref 6):

        • Up to 2g over 30 minutes (critical care areas only for this rate)
        • Up to 2g over 60 minutes (all ward areas)

        Subsequent doses (all ward areas) (ref 6)

        • Repeat doses of 1g every eight hours as required, while monitoring magnesium levels

        Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and saturations

        Patient must be on bedrest for the duration of the infusion

        Inefficiency of intravenous magnesium supplementation (ref 1) 

        • Plasma magnesium concentration inhibits magnesium reabsorption in the loop of Henle, the major site of active magnesium transport 
        • Thus, when an IV magnesium infusion is given, an abrupt but temporary elevation in the plasma magnesium concentration will partially inhibit the stimulus to magnesium reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
        • Thus, up to 50 percent of the infused magnesium will be excreted in the urine.
        • In addition, magnesium uptake by the cells is slow, and therefore adequate repletion requires sustained correction of the hypomagnesemia

          Renal dose (ref 5)

          • Doses may need to be reduced in renal impairment
          • Monitor magnesium levels closely

          Hepatic impairment

          • Hepatic coma: Do not use in hepatic coma if there is a risk of renal failure (ref 3)

          Monitoring

          • Monitor blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, urinary output and for signs of overdose (ref 2)
          • Monitor magnesium and other electrolyte levels

          Storage

          Store below 250C

          References

          1: Uptodate, accessed online 9th Oct, 2024 (note- there are two separate monographs in UpToDate - Hypomagnasaemia and Magnesium - slightly different we have amalgamated them with our best efforts)

          2: Injectable medicines administration guide Medusa, accessed online 9th Oct, 2024

          3:  BNF accessed online 9th Oct, 2024

          4 .Injectable drugs guide, downloaded from medicinescomplete Oct 22nd 2024

          5: Martindale accessed online 9th Oct, 2024

          6. Expert opinion Dr Olivia Finnerty, Anaesthetics Oct 1st 2019

          7. Magnesium - a versatile drug for anesthesiologists, Korean j Anaesthesiol 2013 July 65

          8: BTS guidelines on Asthma 2019

          Therapeutic classification

          Electrolyte

          IV Guide Type